From PGP to Mythos: a brief history of export controls that didn’t stop anyone

Export controls on cybersecurity-related software have been in place for 30 years, yet they have failed to effectively stop the flow of such technology. Despite these efforts, software has continued to be widely available, rendering the controls ineffective. The history of export controls, including those on PGP, suggests that restricting access to cybersecurity tools is a challenging task. It is unlikely that current controls, such as those on Anthropic's Mythos model, will be successful where past attempts have failed.

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